Gall mushroom (Tylopilus felleus)
Systematics:
- Department: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Subclass: Agaricomycetidae
- Order: Boletales
- Family: Boletaceae
- Genus: Tylopilus (Tilopil)
- Species: Tylopilus felleus (Gall mushroom)
- Other names for the mushroom:
- Gorchak
- False white mushroom
Other names:
-
Gorchak
-
False white mushroom
The gall fungus (Latin Tylopilus felleus) is a tubular mushroom of the genus Tilopil (Latin Tylopilus) of the Boletov family (Latin Boletaceae), inedible due to its bitter taste.
Description
The cap is up to 10 cm in ∅, convex, flat-convex by old age, smooth, dry, brownish or brownish.
The pulp is white, thick, soft, pinkish on the cut, odorless, the taste is very bitter. The tubular layer is first white, then a dirty pink.
Spore powder pink. Spores are fusiform, smooth.
Leg up to 7 cm in length, from 1 to 3 cm ∅, swollen, creamy ocher, with a dark brown mesh pattern.
Distribution
The gall fungus grows in coniferous forests, mainly on sandy soil, rarely and abundantly from July to October.
Edibility
Bile mushroom is inedible due to its bitter taste. Outwardly similar to the boletus. When cooking, the bitterness of this mushroom does not disappear, but, on the contrary, intensifies. Some mushroom pickers soak the gall fungus in salt water to get rid of the bitterness, then cook.
Scientists agree that eating gall mushroom is impossible only because of its unpleasant taste.
Foreign colleagues refute this theory. In the pulp of the gall fungus, toxic substances are released, which are quickly absorbed into the human blood with any, even tactile contact. These substances penetrate the liver cells, where they show their destructive effects.
On the first day after the 'test on the tongue' while collecting this mushroom, a person may feel slight dizziness and weakness. In the future, all symptoms disappear. The first signs appear after a few weeks.
Problems with the separation of bile begin. The liver is impaired. At high concentrations of ingress of toxins, cirrhosis of the liver may develop.
Thus, you yourself can draw the correct conclusion about whether gall fungus can be eaten and whether it is edible for humans. One has only to think that even forest animals, insects and worms do not try to feast on the attractive pulp of this representative of the mushroom kingdom.
Similar species
Young gall fungus with unpainted pores can be confused with porcini mushroom and other boletus mushrooms (boletus reticulum, boletus boletus bronze), sometimes it is confused with boletus mushrooms. It differs from boletus in the absence of scales on the leg, from boletus with a dark mesh (in boletus, the mesh is lighter than the main color of the leg).
Medical use
A mushroom containing specific bitterness has been proposed as a choleretic agent.
Photo of the gall fungus from the recognition questions:
2016.11.15 
2017.08.25 sergey 
2017.09.03 Roman 
2019.08.07 Dmitry 
2017.09.04 Kostas 
2017.08.07
